Great weather and birds arrived for my birthday yesterday. The bald eagle above landed in our low-tide zone with a carcass in its talons as we ate our lunch out on the deck. A group of crows pestered him long enough to drive him off. A female hairy woodpecker (below) pounded the railing of our widow's walk looking for her lunch. As a gift Pamelia gave me a quick study she'd done that morning of a wood thrush (bottom); she intentionally made the reddish-brown a little redder for emphasis.
Did a Mushroom Lead to the Word "Berserk"?
Until this morning I would have failed the following multiple-choice quiz:
Fly Agaric is:
a) The slogan for a Serbian airline
b) Brad Pitt's trout lure in A River Runs Through It
c) The gelatin scientists put in petri dishes to grow bacteria
d) A poisonous mushroom that might have caused Vikings to rampage
The answer, as you might have guessed from the photo and headline above, is d). I discovered this by consulting The Naturalist's Notebook's book collection—we have a separate shelf for fungi—and searching the Internet. I wanted to identify one of the many types of mushrooms that have lately turned many lawns and roadsides around here into fairy kingdoms (see photos below). That beautiful yellow fungi turned out to be a type of fly agaric, whose name may have come from the mushroom's use (when mixed with milk) as an insecticide back in the 1200s.
The fly agaric (more typically red) turns out to have been used over the centuries as not only an insecticide but also as a food (after parboiling) and a hallucinogen. Which brings us to the Vikings. One historian proposed that their consumption of these mushrooms turned them into almost superhuman warriors who fought as if in a crazed trance. This out-of-control behavior led to the coining of the old Norse word "berserk," meaning "bear shirt" or "warrior in a bear skin."
And thus today we have a word to describe the madness that grips sports fans, Christmas shoppers and talk-radio hosts.
In case you were wondering, the study of mushrooms and other fungi is called mycology, from the Greek word for fungi. And mushrooms are not plants. Fungi are a separate kingdom and are more genetically similar to animals than to plants.
Below is a mini-gallery of fungi that we saw yesterday here in coastal Maine. Apologies that I haven't had time to identify all of them:
A Budding Naturalist at Age 14
The Neighbor News of New Jersey just published a nice article about our niece Sarah Markwood, a high-school freshman who is already envisioning a career as a marine biologist. Sarah spent two weeks of her summer at an oceanography camp in Seal Harbor. Here's the story:
Diving deep into oceanography
BY LISA KINTISH NEIGHBOR NEWS (MONTVILLE EDITION)
As a little girl, Sarah Markwood came across a starfish that had washed ashore during high tide. Unlike many children who would have kept the sea creature as a souvenir, the Montville Township resident returned it to the ocean.
With this seemingly small act, Sarah, who is now a freshman at Montville Township High School, became interested in ocean preservation. This summer she delved deeper into the subject matter by spending two weeks at Acadia Institute of Oceanography in Seal Harbor, Maine, studying oceanography and basic marine concepts.
The camp is located very near to where Sarah first became enamored of the ocean. For generations, her family has been spending summers in nearby Trenton, ME, in a cottage built in 1934 by Sarah’s great-grandfather.
Along with 45 other students, Sarah enjoyed lessons that included hands-on learning.
She said, "The classes never felt like actual classes. We were always having fun. We learned about all different types of things in all different ways; we weren’t just sitting there all day listening to lectures or taking notes from a slide show. We studied everything to do with the oceans. Nothing was left out. The majority of our time was spent by or in the water. We tried to go out and study at all times possible."
She continued, "We took different trips around the area. We went together on the Bar Harbor Whale Watch. During this trip, we saw three different whales. They were all humpback whales, which are common in the area during the summer months. We also took short trips to Echo Lake, Sand Beach, and Seal Harbor Beach. At camp there were 10 gallon tanks in the lab.
Those held creatures that we collected from Seal Harbor Beach and pier. All of us had mussels, algae, periwinkles (a type of snail), barnacles, and starfish. Most of us had crabs and little fish as well. At the conclusion of the camp, we released the creatures back into the ocean."
Already, Sarah has a spot reserved for her in the advanced session for next August. Meanwhile, the lessons learned this summer will go a long way. The camp has inspired Sarah to think ahead towards a career as a marine biologist and in the short term could help with some of her high school classes.
As she noted, "The ocean interacts and interferes with many different things."
Besides the excitement of learning new things, this summer’s experiences were enhanced by the people Sarah met. As for how the camp has impacted the teen, Sarah said, "I’ve taken away the fact that everything we do affects the ocean in some way, shape or form. This makes me want to help the environment even more."
A Rays Runaway
It's almost over. No, it is over. With just one week left in baseball's regular season, the Tampa Bay Rays have clinched the championship of the Natural League. In recognition of the feat, The Naturalist's Notebook will give the first Rays fan who enters the shop today a free pair of black-rimmed glasses so he or she can look like the team's brainy, mountain-bike-riding manager, Joe Maddon.
For those of you who are new to the Notebook, the Natural League is our own invention. It is made up of the nine major league teams whose nicknames are nature-based, like the Rays, Tigers, Marlins and Rockies. We keep standings of the teams based on their major league records. We also keep track of environmental news about the actual animals (or geological features) for which the teams are named.
Last year the Natural League race came down to the final day of the season, on which the Colorado Rockies edged the St. Louis Cardinals for the title. This year the only drama left is whether the plummeting Arizona Diamondbacks will sink below the Baltimore Orioles and claim last place. How bad have the Orioles been this season? If they played the Rays for 30 straight games and won every game, they would still be behind Tampa Bay in the standings.
Alas, because the Orioles, Diamondbacks and Cubs have been so horrible, The Natural League teams have a combined losing record this season against the 21 major league teams that are named for items of clothing, Native Americans, pedestrians dodging trolley cars and other human-linked phenomena.
In case you're wondering, we have also launched the Natural Football League. Going into this weekend the Miami Dolphins and Chicago Bears were tied for first place with 2-0 records. There are 14 teams in the Natural Football League. That number does not include the San Diego Chargers, whom I deemed ineligible. Research indicates that they were named not after the lightning bolts displayed on their helmets but after their fans' eagerness to yell "charge!"
As for the baseball eligibility question that keeps coming up in these Red Sox-obsessed parts, a number of Boston fans have said that their team should be included in the Natural League next year on the grounds that red socks can be made from natural fabrics such as cotton or wool. I find that, as sock-makers might put it, a stretch, but I am open to lobbying from those of you who care deeply about these things.
Good Morning, Maine
As you look skyward today, ponder the fact that this is the 164th anniversary of the official discovery of Neptune. (I say official because Galileo saw it nearly 400 years ago but mistook it for a star.) In those 164 years, our solar system's most distant planet has not finished even one revolution of the Sun. Because it's 30 times farther away than we are, Neptune needs almost 165 years to circle the Sun. I'll leave it to you to calculate how young you are in Neptune years (hint: divide your age by 165.)
Reminders: The Common Ground Country Fair opens in Unity, Maine, tomorrow (Sept. 24). It's put on by the oldest and largest state organic organization in the country and is a fabulous event. And if you happen to live in New York City, stop by the Anthology Film Archives on 2nd Ave. and 2nd St. tonight at 7:30 to see two new films by the ultra-creative Nancy Andrews, who teaches at the College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbor. Her work combines animation, live action, puppetry, nature and science themes, humor...so much that I can't easily describe everything. But her films are great.
Whole Foods' Smart Move
This year we've devoted most of the main room of The Naturalist's Notebook to oceans. We have a whole wall that shows types of fish, where they're caught and whether they are a good or bad choice to eat. That last judgment combines ratings done separately by the New York-based Blue Ocean Institute and the California-based Monterey Bay Aquarium. The ratings take into account how depleted a type of fish is, how destructive the methods of catching it are (i.e., are large numbers of other species of fish, as well as birds, sea turtles and other ocean-dependent life, killed as unwanted by-catch?) and how toxic the fish is (some have enough PCBs or mercury to make them a health risk to children and expectant mothers).
We're therefore thrilled to have gotten an e-mail from the Blue Ocean Institute today announcing that Whole Foods will start using the institute's color-coded system in displaying the store's seafood. Congratulations to Whole Foods on setting a great example for all grocery stores. Here is a link to a story about the announcement and the seafood ratings:
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hpeQiSgVHClVzsbeSUotZwZwLxoQD9I73CNO0